What are the damage symptoms of San Jose scale and how it can be controlled?

The adults feed on sap from limbs, twigs, and fruits. Small greyish specks appear on the bark covered with a grey layer of overlapping scales that appear as if they were sprayed with wood ash. Dead leaves adhering to fruit spurs during the dormant season indicate the presence of the San Jose scale. Spraying of universal oil during the spring @ 10 litres in 490 litres of water during the dormant season can give effective control. Insecticides such as chlorpyriphos (0.4%) and dimethoate (0.03%) can be sprayed to kill the crawlers during May.