Black plastic mulch (100 micron) restricts the germination of weed seeds and suppresses the weed growth. The size of the film requirement for young plant is 1 m x 1 m, and for 8 years onwards film requirement is 2.5 m x 2.5 m around the tree. Interculturing operations in large canopy trees are done by spraying Glyphosate 41 percent or Glyphosate 71 percent, whereas interculturing operations in small canopy trees are done by hand weeding.
What is earthing up/hilling/ridging ?
In agriculture and horticulture, hilling, earthing up, or ridging is the practice of piling soil up around the base of a plant. It can be done by hand (most commonly with a hoe) or with powered machinery (most commonly a tractor attachment). Hilling buries the plant’s normally above-ground parts, fostering the desired development. This may accelerate the formation of new tubers (as with potatoes), drive the plant to produce longer stems (as with leeks), or maintain the stems or shoots pale and soft for various crops (chicory, leeks, asparagus, and so on). Hilling can also be used to stabilise the stems of crops that are susceptible to wind damage.
What is gap filling ?
Gap filling involves spreading seeds or transplanting seedlings into gaps where early sown seeds have failed to sprout. These are usually done a week after seeding to a maximum of 15 days after sowing. Gap filling comes first in dryland agriculture. After 7 days after seeding, the seeds are dibbled. To avoid drought, thinning is done after gap filling. Mid-season correction is a management method that involves removing a percentage of the plant population to reduce stress.
What is thinning in agriculture ?
Removal of excess plants after germination from the crop field or seed bed is called thinning. Excess plants in a crop field reduce crop yield due to intra crop competition. As a result there occurs shortage of space, nutrients, light, air and moisture for individual crop plant which ultimately reduce yield. So, if required, excess seedlings are removed leaving the strongest ones.
What are plant growth hormones ?
Plant hormones are crucial biochemicals that influence plant development and crop production under a variety of situations, including stress. Auxin, abscisic acid, ethylene, gibberellins, cytokinins, salicylic acid, strigolactones, brassinosteroids, and nitrous (nitric) oxide are examples of plant hormones. Plant hormones play an important role in plant development, starting with seed germination and ending with whole-plant senescence. They helps in flowering , aging , root growth , prevention or promotion of stem elongation ,fruit colour enhancement etc.
What is Kisan Credit Scheme (KCC) ?
Kisan Credit Card Scheme (KCC) aims at providing adequate and timely support from the banking system to the farmers for their short-term credit needs for cultivation of crops. This mainly helps farmers for purchase of inputs during the cropping season. Credit card scheme proposed to introduce flexibility to the system and improve cost efficiency.
What is KVK ( Krishi Vigyan Kendra )?
KVK is a district-based scientific organisation dedicated to the development, refining, and distribution of technology. KVK is made up of trained multidisciplinary professionals who focus on agricultural issues that are significant to the local community. Front-line demonstrations, exposure visits, and other activities are organised by KVKs. Training programmes, demonstrations, field days, and other events are all available. Farmers should be given agricultural literature. Some KVKs do provide input assistance to farmers.
What are the symptoms of citrus decline ?
The affected trees do not always die completely, but remain in a state for decandance and unproductive for a number of years. Some-times they may suddenly wilt and die in a day or two. In early stages, symptoms are restricted to a few limbs, but eventually the whole tree is involved. Trees show sparse mottling leaves, stunted growth, sickly appearance.
Midrib and lateral veins of old, mature leaves turn yellow with interveinal areas along the veins showing diffuse yellowing. Leaves may turn yellow and are shed with the onset of summer or autumn and the die-back of twigs starts. Dead shoots stand out prominently and may be found dead right down to the main trunk. The entire tree bears short
twigs carrying narrow small leaves on their lower portion.
What are the symptoms of verticillium wilt in cotton ?
Seedlings infected with verticillium wilt becomes infected and turn yellow, dry out and die. Plants that become infected later in the season are stunted and exhibit a yellow condition along leaf margins and between the major vein.
Severely affected plants will shed their leaves. A brown discoloration of the interior of the stem can usually be found later in the season. This discoloration is distributed evenly across the inside of the stem.
What is the role of boron in plants?
Adequate boron is a crucial factor in high crop yields and quality. Boron is a micronutrient that promotes sugar transport, formation of cell wall, production of amino acids, crop reproduction, flowering, fruiting and crop quality.