The food that is given to the cows is an important factor that promotes health, production and growth in the cows. The expenditure to feed the cows is almost 50% of the total cost of the farming. Open grazing is essential for reducing the cost of the feed and also provides required nourishment to the cows. Additionally, the Gir cow is fed with green jowar, Bajra straw, groundnut cake, dry fodder, cotton seed cake, soya bean husk, coconut and jaggery. The vegetables that are fed to the cattle include carrot, beetroot and drumsticks. There should be regular feeding routine, but overfeeding should be avoided. All the grains should be provided to the cow in the form of medium ground powder. The feed of the cow should be estimated according to its growing stage and condition such as feed for below 6 months cow, growing animals, lactating cow, bulls etc. Water should be provided in adequate quantity to the cattle at all times.
When and how harvesting of jasmine is done?
Once the plants reach a stage of bloom, you can then start to harvest the buds/flowers. For long distance marketing, pluck the buds rather than flowers. Morning hours are considered to be good time to harvest.
Jasmine gives an economic yield only from the third year and up to 12-15 years and then the yield starts declining. The stage of picking jasmine buds or flowers depends on the usage of the flowers or buds. Pluck the unopened flower buds in the morning than Picking of flowers after afternoon, it will considerably reduce quality and yield. Damage to flowers during harvest and transit will affect the shelf life of fresh flowers and concrete recovery.
How pruning is done in Jasmine plant?
Pruning is an important activity and influences the plant growth, flower bud initiation, differentiation and ultimately the flower yield in jasmine farming. Irrigation must be stopped before pruning and plants are to be pruned to half their original length. All the leaves are stripped off after pruning. All the cut ends are smeared with a Bordeaux mixture to prevent entry of pathogens. Pruning is done at 45 cms from the ground level. Pruning is done during mid-December to mid-January results in the maximum number of branches and higher yield of flowers.
How weeding is done Jasmine Cultivation?
Generally, weeds compete with main crop for nutrients. Therefore, it is essential to remove the weeds at the appropriate time and keep jasmine garden weed free. After pruning, make sure to stir the soil from the main stem around the bushes to a depth of 15 cm. This process should be carried out every 2 to 3 months. Though manual weed control is effective, it is very expensive. Mulching also reduces the weed population considerably. Though chemical of weeds is not preferred, it is economical and efficient when compared to organic controls.
How salt plays a significant role in Livestock diet?
Sodium and chlorine are major electrolyte that contribute to the maintenance of cellular membrane electrochemical gradient also known as the membrane potential.
They are involved in the digestion, absorption and transportation of nutrients from the intestines into the bloodstream. They contribute to the maintenance of blood volume and pressure and they participate in the renin angiotensin-aldosterone system. It is apparent from this impressive list of functions that sodium and chlorine are absolutely essential for the organism and life itself.
Do Almond trees need pruning?
Pruning Almond trees take place again when the tree is dormant in its second growing season. At this time, the Almond tree will likely have several lateral branches and remove narrow angled secondary branches when almond tree pruning second year trees.
How harvesting of Almond is done?
In Almond production, time of harvest depending on the location. Normally, they are ready for harvest when the hull color changes from green to yellowish with cracks or splitting at suture starting from the pedicel end. Under premature harvest conditions, the hulls remain on stick tights and it needs more energy to dislodge the nuts, resulting in damage to limbs in the form of wounds. Nuts must be placed at a shady place for drying and removing hulls. Almonds require 180 to 240 days for nuts to mature where in the nut has dried to minimum moisture content. To harvest the almond, shake the tree, and then separate the hulls from the nut. Freeze your almond nuts for 1 to 2weks to kill any residual worms and then store in plastic bags.
What are the conditions required for Almond seed germination?
Almond trees thrive in a climate that has mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers. Almond trees grow best on deep loam soil consisting of clay, sand, humus or other organic material. This soil allows for optimal permeability, water retention and root zone aeration. When preparing to plant a new Almond orchard, growers cultivate the soil to loosen clods and grade the orchard. It is common practice to use a chisel attachment to dig deep down and break up any hardpan below the surface of the soil to help newly planted trees establish a deep root system.
Temperature is a major factor affecting the germination rate. The temperature range between 2 °C and 7°C is generally the most efficient. Seeds from Almond and other Rosaceae species need a cold treatment under humid conditions to overcome the dormancy and promote their germination.
What are the causes of Soil degradation?
The degradation of soil may be caused by the below factors:
Physical factors such as loss of fertile topsoil due to water or wind erosion.
Chemical factors such as the depletion of nutrients or the toxicity due to acidity or alkalinity or waterlogging.
Biological factors affect the micro flora and reduce the microbial activity of the soil. These biological factors reduce the yield.
What is the irrigation requirement for Organic chilli cultivation?
Chilli crop can’t withstand heavy moisture so apply irrigation only when needed. Heavy irrigation causes lanky vegetative growth and chilli flower drop. Interval of irrigation mainly depends on soil and climatic condition. If the chili plant show dropping at 4 pm, it is an indication of plant needed irrigation. Flowering and fruit development are the most critical stages of water requirement. Stagnation of water must not be allowed in nursery and field as it causes fungal infection.